USB Digital Camera HOWTO 作者: Dave Kelly, daveekelly@earthlink.net 譯者: 陳敏劍 expns@yahoo.com April 2002 Revision 2.0 _________________________________________________________________ 這個HOWTO說明如何在Linux作業系統上使用數位相機(USB Digital Camera). _________________________________________________________________ 1. 許可 * 1.1 版權 * 1.2 目的 * 1.3 設備的範圍 2. 建議閱讀 * 2.1 man pages * 2.2 HOWTOs * 2.3 Websites 3. 假設 4. 預備的設定 5. The Script Files * 5.1 如果你使用user登入 * 5.2 如果你使用root登入 * 5.3 Make it Executable(讓它可以執行) * 5.4 script運行時都做哪些事 6. 設定成最佳狀態 7. 不要苦惱 8. Troubleshooting or PANIC! 9. 最後 10. Appendix A * 10.1 第一部份 * 10.2 第二部份 11. Appendix B * 11.1 12. Appendix C * 12.1 13. Appendix D. Gnu Free Documentation License * 13.1 * 13.2 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS * 13.3 VERBATIM COPYING * 13.4 COPYING IN QUANTITY * 13.5 MODIFICATIONS * 13.6 COMBINING DOCUMENTS * 13.7 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS * 13.8 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS * 13.9 TRANSLATION * 13.10 TERMINATION * 13.11 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE * 13.12 How to use this License for your documents _________________________________________________________________ 1. 許可 1.1 版權 版本所有: Dave Kelly, et al Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in [1]Appendix D . 1.2 目的 這個HOWTO的對象是已經擁有或打算購買 USB Digital Camera 的Linux新用戶. 如果你和我一樣, 有人在生日的時候送了你一個USB Digital Camera, 卻手足無 措(不知道如何在Linux作業系統上用). 這樣你就需要這樣一個HOWTO來使 USB Digital Camera 很好地與Linux協同工作.沒有我們做不了的事, 沒有解決不了 的問題,只要我們有了資訊,一切都好辦. 1.3 設備的範圍 這些步驟在 Linux 核心版本 2.4.8 下完成. 我使用 P-50 4MB和64MB記憶 體,Olympus camera USB smart 卡 進行過測試, 這個步驟可以在Linux 核心版 本 2.2.19 下進行, 但不擔保成功. 在我的2.2.15核心上,它不能工作. 這個文檔中描述我是如何解決問題的, 還可以通過許多的途徑, 但是要重新編譯 內核, 這正是我不想要的. 文檔提供足夠的資訊讓USB mass storage 在開機的 時候激活. Linux是一個發展當中的科技. 我們身邊的科技. 這個文檔可能不能 回答你特別的問題, 它將給你一個探究這些問題的起點. 加上沿著它發現新東西 的運氣. 下面從"gphoto2 README"當中節選出來的資訊將給你一些用在其它cameras 上設 定的知識. 不妨瞧一瞧"gphoto"的資訊: [2]http://www.gphoto.org/ 這些camera都支持一種叫做USB Mass Storage protocol的協議. USB Mass Storage protocol讓你能訪問任何存儲設備, 比如通過USB連接電腦的camera或 磁碟. 因為那裡已經有協議的驅動程式了,所以你不要另外如gphoto2的程式. 下 面的camera 好像都支持 USB Mass Storage protocol: * Casio QV (2x00,3x00,8000) * Fuji FinePix S1 Pro, (1400,2400,4700)Zoom, 1300, 4500 * HP PhotoSmart 315, 618, 912 * Leica Digilux 4.3 * Konica KD300Z * Kyocera Finecam s3 * Minolta Dimage 7 * Nikon Coolpix 995 * Olympus C-100, C-200Z, C-700, C-860L, C-2040, C-3020Z, C-3040Z, C-4040Zoom, D-510, E-10 * Pentax Optio 330 * Sony DSC-F505(V), DSC P5, DSC-F707 再強調一次, 以上這些camera不能通過gphoto2 的程式訪問.其它的camera支持 Kodak 和其它產商開發的PTP 或 USB Imaging Devices 協議. gphoto2 目前還 不支持PTP. 但是 [3]jPhoto 支持. 這裡是一些支持這種協議的camera : * Kodak DC-4800, DX-3215, DX-3500, DX-3600, DX-3700, DX-3900, MC3 and all the cameras that use Kodak Easy Share(TM) system. * Sony DSC-P5, DSC-F707 (both need user configuration of the camera) 在gphoto2 實現支持PTP之前,這些 cameras 不被支持. 2. 建議閱讀 建議閱讀下面這些HOWTO和手冊, 這些資訊很有用. 2.1 man pages * lsmod * modprobe * mount * mv * su * fstab * mtab * dir * install * mknod * chown 2.2 HOWTOs * Module-HOWTO * Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO * SCSI-2.4-HOWTO * Hardware-HOWTO 這些都在各個Linux發行版中, 如果你沒有, 可以在這裡找到: [4] http://www.tldp.org/ 2.3 Websites * [5]http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/ * [6]http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html 3. 假設 我的機器沒有SCSI或USB設備, 主要由Athlon 900 加上 40G 的磁碟機. 我的核 心當中沒有編譯進任何 SCSI 或 USB 設備, 但是我將它們編譯成模組. 在我 的Mandrake 8.1 裡安裝了 2.4.8_26mdk 版的核心. 從我們核心層的原理出發, 這個文檔應當對所有的發行版都有效用. 當然, 這份文檔假設如下情形: * 你沒有掛任何 SCSI 或者是 USB 模組. * 你擁有root權限. * 有camera類型及參數的產品說明檔. * mount points載入點 "camera", /mnt/camera, 沒有上述內容. 在 /mnt 你 應當看到有cdrom, disk, floppy, a和其它設備名. 你應當看到 "camera". 這是目錄, 和它們的mount points載入點 . * symbol符號"bash $" 表示command line prompt指令提示. 在你輸入指令前 不要輸入其它字符. command line prompt指令提示後面可用於用戶對機器 下達指令. 4. 預備的設定 在這裡你要做出一些如為mount point載入點建立目錄並且給它命名,我的camera 是從 /mnt 載入的 目錄的名字是任意的(我用camera).你可以通過如下指令設定 一個: ______________________________________________________________ [bash]$ mkdir -m 777 /mnt/camera ______________________________________________________________ 我喜歡讓我所有的pictures 都放在按主題分類的子目錄裡. 所以我在自己 的/home設定了一個名為 picture目錄, 你可以通過如下指令設定一個: ______________________________________________________________ bash]$ mkdir -m 777 ~/picture ______________________________________________________________ 這是個重要的決定, 你準備用root/user權限來做這些嗎? 5. The Script Files 下面這個script file是讀了幾個 Linux newsgroups 和很多 HOWTOs 與 manuals 之後寫出來的.它們都是間接或直接從別人那裡學習來的經驗. 我非常 感謝 newsgroups 裡回答我問題的人和在網路上po(張貼)這些資訊的人. 如果想要開始設定, 請使用你喜歡的 text editor 將下面的 script 設定一個 名稱並且保存起來. 5.1 如果你使用user登入 ______________________________________________________________ echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures." read DIRPATH mkdir ~/picture/$DIRPATH su -c "/sbin/modprobe usb-storage; mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera; /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start; mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg ~/picture/$DIRPATH; umount /mnt/camera; chown -R your_login_name ~/picture/$DIRPATH" ______________________________________________________________ 5.2 如果你使用root登入 ______________________________________________________________ echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures." read DIRPATH mkdir picture/$DIRPATH /sbin/modprobe usb-storage mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH; umount /mnt/camera chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH ______________________________________________________________ 5.3 Make it Executable(讓它可以執行) 當你用user登入時: ______________________________________________________________ bash $dollar su -c "chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name" ______________________________________________________________ 當你用root登入時: ______________________________________________________________ bash# chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name ______________________________________________________________ 5.4 script運行時都做哪些事 當你運行它時, 將以DIRPATH裡的值來設定目錄. 如果你的script_file_name = getcamJ,(J for getting the pictures with .jpg extensions) 指令的順序看 起來就像這樣: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ getcamJ Please enter a directory name for the pictures. bash $ something Password: bash $ your root password ______________________________________________________________ 你必需以root權限來運行它. 所以 'su' 指令加上 -c 標緻可以讓你暫時擁有另 外的權限執行指令然後又回到原來的狀態. ""能使你執行多個指令, ;分號可以 讓一個指令執行後繼續下一個指令. /sbin/modprobe usb-storage: modprobe 將USB mass storage 模組和其它設備 的模組掛進來. 主要是 SCSI driver. 確定在 /dev 有這些: sda0, sda1, sda2, sda3, sda4, sdb0, sdb1, sdb2, sdb3, sdb4. 如果你有其它 SCSI devices,請將sda1 進行正確的設定,可能是 sdb1. 將SCSI driver 載入: mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera 運行 USB 程式: /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start 將你的pictures 從 camera 移至你的硬碟機. mv 同時將camera上的pictures移 除: mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH; 卸下你的 SCSI driver: umount /mnt/camera 指令: chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH 完成的時候, pictures的 所有者是root/superuser, 因為你是以 root/superuser指行上述指令的(script 當中使用了su指令). 當你以user權限訪問它們的時候會有permission denied error的警告. 解決這個問題的辦法是參考有關權限設定的manual. 在我的機器裡, USB 或 SCSI 驅動程式是以模組的形式編譯的. 所以 script file 也是假定你的系統和我的一樣. 如果不是, 你將要做一些修改,請閱讀有關 的e manuals 和 HOWTOs. 或 向 Linux newsgroups 請教. 6. 設定成最佳狀態 好了,你應該探究一下. 拿camera攝制一些測試用的pictures並存儲成不同的格 式. 我的camera可以有4種formats: TIFF, GIF, JPEG, 和 MPEG, 當然它們也可 以不同大小. 在我的Sony P-50 這些被分別存儲在記憶體的4個子文檔目錄中: 100msdcf, imcif100, thm, 和 moml0001. 這些都在dcim, 和 mssony 文檔目錄 中. 你要找到自己camera的存儲區域.可以這樣: * 將上述script存成執行檔. * 用vi或其它的文檔編輯器更改這一行: mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH to mv /mnt/camera/* picture/$DIRPATH * 像這樣執行文檔: ______________________________________________________________ bash$ ./your_script_file_name ______________________________________________________________ 注意 bash$ 後面的 ./ 7. 不要苦惱 更改SCRIPT FILE 可能會使你執行出錯,現在不理它們. 在你苦惱並抱怨它們沒 有效果之前,看一下你的camera有沒有pictures. 如果你看過了, 請將 directory path names (路徑名稱)寫下來. 回到文檔編輯器中,將 dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg 替換之. 你可能需要用幾個不同的 script files 來處理 不同的 picture 格式. 現在你的硬碟機的文檔目錄和 Section A.2 相似.執行並確認它的正確性: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ dir -R name-of-your-picture-directory ______________________________________________________________ 希望這個文檔的資訊(有提到的manuals and HOWTOs)對你有用. 祝您好運. Dave (HOWTO的作者) 8. Troubleshooting or PANIC! 如果沒有什麼效果, 讓我們來分析並解決它們, 看一下是否還有 pictures在 camera 裡. 如果有, 請跳過這一段. 如果沒有,好吧,它們一定在什麼地方呆著 呢.找一下. 還是沒有的話, 請將camera關掉, 重新啟動機器和camera. 確信/mnt/camera 還在你的硬碟機裡, 如果沒有,請重新設定一個. 我注意到有 時候SCSI device in /dev (sda1)自己被移除.Check that also and replace if needed. 移除script產生出來的子文檔目錄.如果你使用user登入,那麼就要用到su,記得 在完成恢復原狀. 參照 [7]Appendix C 輸入: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ dmesg ______________________________________________________________ 你會看到這些: ______________________________________________________________ hub.c: USB new device connect on bus1/1, assigned device number 2 usb.c: USB device 2 (vend/prod 0x54c/0x10) is not claimed by any active driver. (The 0x54c/0x10 will be different for different vendors.) ______________________________________________________________ 如果你看到這些, 那麼你的USB mass storage device 被正確識別. 現在啟動你的camera,然後執行script file (the modified one) 當你重新執 行dmesg,你會看到這些: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ dmesg SCSI subsystem driver Revision: 1.00 Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... usb.c: registered new driver usb-storage scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices Vendor: Sony Model: Sony DSC Rev: 3.22 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 WARNING: USB Mass Storage data integrity not assured USB Mass Storage device found at 2 USB Mass Storage support registered. Attached scsi removable disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0 SCSI device sda: 126848 512-byte hdwr sectors (65 MB) sda: Write Protect is off /dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1 usb-uhci.c: interrupt, status 3, frame# 1628 ______________________________________________________________ 現在執行lsmod並閱讀 [8]Appendix B . 如果lsmod和Appendix B 相似,dmesg和上面的也相似, 但就是沒有picture在你 的硬碟機裡,那麼抱歉,我也不知道是哪裡出問題了. 不幸的是,我目前所知的方 法是仔細地再來一遍. 將輸出的結果用re-direction option >filename 捕捉至 文檔中,然後, 將它po到以下兩個newsgroups: * alt.OS.Linux.mandrake * comp.OS.Linux.hardware 告訴他們你做了什麼,並且尋求幫助.在你能想到的一切辦法之後,最好給我 來e-mail: [9]daveekelly@earthlink.net. 9. 最後 在所有的結果都如你所願之後, 如果你想的話,但不是必需的, 將執行檔安裝至 /usr/sbin(我的建議) : ______________________________________________________________ bash $ install file_name /usr/sbin ______________________________________________________________ 10. Appendix A 10.1 第一部份 這是我設定的文檔目錄,主目錄為 picture 和 子目錄 smkbot: ______________________________________________________________ picture/smkbot: dsc00117.jpg dsc00120.jpg dsc00123.jpg dsc00126.jpg dsc00129.jpg dsc00118.jpg dsc00121.jpg dsc00124.jpg dsc00127.jpg dsc00130.jpg dsc00119.jpg dsc00122.jpg dsc00125.jpg dsc00128.jpg dsc00131.jpg ______________________________________________________________ 10.2 第二部份 這是我以不同picture格式設定的文檔目錄結構: ______________________________________________________________ picture/trash: camera picture/trash/camera: dcim mssony picture/trash/camera/dcim: 100msdcf picture/trash/camera/dcim/100msdcf: dsc00357.jpg dsc00360.jpg dsc00363.jpg txt00365.gif dsc00358.jpg dsc00361.jpg dsc00364.jpg txt00365.thm dsc00359.jpg dsc00362.jpg dsc00366.jpg picture/trash/camera/mssony: imcif100 picture/trash/camera/mssony/imcif100: dsc00364.jpg dsc00366.tif ______________________________________________________________ 11. Appendix B 11.1 這些都是我系統中所有的模組 What we want to see here is the word usb-storage under the Used by column: ______________________________________________________________ Module Size Used by nls_iso8859-12880 0 (autoclean) nls_cp437 4400 0 (autoclean) sd_mod11792 0 (autoclean) vfat 9968 0 (autoclean) fat 32192 0 (autoclean) [vfat] usb-storage 52528 0 scsi_mod 91072 2 [sd_mod usb-storage] ppp_deflate 42208 0 (autoclean) bsd_comp 4576 0 (autoclean) ppp_async 6672 0 (autoclean) ppp_generic 19616 0 (autoclean) [ppp_deflate bsd_comp ppp_async] slhc 5136 0 (autoclean) [ppp_generic] parport_pc 20240 1 (autoclean) lp 5808 0 (autoclean) parport 24768 1 (autoclean) [parport_pc lp] es1371 26768 1 soundcore 4208 4 [es1371] ac97_codec 9312 0 [es1371] gameport 1856 0 [es1371] af_packet 12560 0 (autoclean) ip_vs 62000 0 (autoclean) usb-uhci 21232 0 (unused) usbcore 50752 1 [usb-storage usb-uhci] rtc 5600 0 (autoclean) ______________________________________________________________ 12. Appendix C 12.1 當你完成了所有的測試,使用下面的命令恢復原狀.要非常小心! BUT BE VERY VERY CAREFUL: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ rm -Rf picture/test_directory ______________________________________________________________ You could lose more than you bargin for, test_directory should be what you entered for $DIRPATH in the scripts above. (It never hurts for first time user to slip over somewhere else and create a directory tree, copy file to it, and test this command line before using it on something irreplacable.) Again read the manual. 13. Appendix D. Gnu Free Documentation License 13.1 PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 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References 1. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.27284/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix D 2. http://www.gphoto.org/ 3. http://jphoto.sourceforge.net/ 4. http://www.tldp.org/ 5. http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/ 6. http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html 7. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.27284/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix C 8. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.27284/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix B 9. mailto:daveekelly@earthlink.net 10. http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/