USB Digital Camera HOWTO 作者: Dave Kelly, daveekelly@earthlink.net 译者: 陈敏剑 expns@yahoo.com April 2002 Revision 2.0 _________________________________________________________________ 这个HOWTO说明如何在Linux作业系统上使用数位相机(USB Digital Camera). _________________________________________________________________ 1. 许可 * 1.1 版权 * 1.2 目的 * 1.3 设备的□围 2. 建议阅读 * 2.1 man pages * 2.2 HOWTOs * 2.3 Websites 3. 假设 4. 预备的设定 5. The Script Files * 5.1 如果你使用user登入 * 5.2 如果你使用root登入 * 5.3 Make it Executable(让它可以执行) * 5.4 script运行时都做哪些事 6. 设定成最佳状态 7. 不要苦恼 8. Troubleshooting or PANIC! 9. 最後 10. Appendix A * 10.1 第一部份 * 10.2 第二部份 11. Appendix B * 11.1 12. Appendix C * 12.1 13. Appendix D. Gnu Free Documentation License * 13.1 * 13.2 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS * 13.3 VERBATIM COPYING * 13.4 COPYING IN QUANTITY * 13.5 MODIFICATIONS * 13.6 COMBINING DOCUMENTS * 13.7 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS * 13.8 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS * 13.9 TRANSLATION * 13.10 TERMINATION * 13.11 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE * 13.12 How to use this License for your documents _________________________________________________________________ 1. 许可 1.1 版权 版本所有: Dave Kelly, et al Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in [1]Appendix D . 1.2 目的 这个HOWTO的对象是已经拥有或打算购买 USB Digital Camera 的Linux新用户. 如果你和我一样, 有人在生日的时候送了你一个USB Digital Camera, 却手足无 措(不知道如何在Linux作业系统上用). 这样你就需要这样一个HOWTO来使 USB Digital Camera 很好地与Linux协同工作.没有我们做不了的事, 没有解决不了 的问题,只要我们有了资讯,一切都好办. 1.3 设备的□围 这些步骤在 Linux 核心版本 2.4.8 下完成. 我使用 P-50 4MB和64MB记忆 体,Olympus camera USB smart 卡 进行过测试, 这个步骤可以在Linux 核心版 本 2.2.19 下进行, 但不担保成功. 在我的2.2.15核心上,它不能工作. 这个文档中描述我是如何解决问题的, 还可以通过许多的途径, 但是要重新编译 内核, 这正是我不想要的. 文档提供足够的资讯让USB mass storage 在开机的 时候激活. Linux是一个发展当中的科技. 我们身边的科技. 这个文档可能不能 回答你特别的问题, 它将给你一个探究这些问题的起点. 加上沿著它发现新东西 的运气. 下面从"gphoto2 README"当中节选出来的资讯将给你一些用在其它cameras 上设 定的知识. 不妨瞧一瞧"gphoto"的资讯: [2]http://www.gphoto.org/ 这些camera都支持一种叫做USB Mass Storage protocol的协议. USB Mass Storage protocol让你能访问任何存储设备, 比如通过USB连接电脑的camera或 磁碟. 因为那里已经有协议的驱动程式了,所以你不要另外如gphoto2的程式. 下 面的camera 好像都支持 USB Mass Storage protocol: * Casio QV (2x00,3x00,8000) * Fuji FinePix S1 Pro, (1400,2400,4700)Zoom, 1300, 4500 * HP PhotoSmart 315, 618, 912 * Leica Digilux 4.3 * Konica KD300Z * Kyocera Finecam s3 * Minolta Dimage 7 * Nikon Coolpix 995 * Olympus C-100, C-200Z, C-700, C-860L, C-2040, C-3020Z, C-3040Z, C-4040Zoom, D-510, E-10 * Pentax Optio 330 * Sony DSC-F505(V), DSC P5, DSC-F707 再强调一次, 以上这些camera不能通过gphoto2 的程式访问.其它的camera支持 Kodak 和其它产商开发的PTP 或 USB Imaging Devices 协议. gphoto2 目前还 不支持PTP. 但是 [3]jPhoto 支持. 这里是一些支持这种协议的camera : * Kodak DC-4800, DX-3215, DX-3500, DX-3600, DX-3700, DX-3900, MC3 and all the cameras that use Kodak Easy Share(TM) system. * Sony DSC-P5, DSC-F707 (both need user configuration of the camera) 在gphoto2 实现支持PTP之前,这些 cameras 不被支持. 2. 建议阅读 建议阅读下面这些HOWTO和手册, 这些资讯很有用. 2.1 man pages * lsmod * modprobe * mount * mv * su * fstab * mtab * dir * install * mknod * chown 2.2 HOWTOs * Module-HOWTO * Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO * SCSI-2.4-HOWTO * Hardware-HOWTO 这些都在各个Linux发行版中, 如果你没有, 可以在这里找到: [4] http://www.tldp.org/ 2.3 Websites * [5]http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/ * [6]http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html 3. 假设 我的机器没有SCSI或USB设备, 主要由Athlon 900 加上 40G 的磁碟机. 我的核 心当中没有编译进任何 SCSI 或 USB 设备, 但是我将它们编译成模组. 在我 的Mandrake 8.1 里安装了 2.4.8_26mdk 版的核心. 从我们核心层的原理出发, 这个文档应当对所有的发行版都有效用. 当然, 这份文档假设如下情形: * 你没有挂任何 SCSI 或者是 USB 模组. * 你拥有root权限. * 有camera类型及参数的产品说明档. * mount points载入点 "camera", /mnt/camera, 没有上述内容. 在 /mnt 你 应当看到有cdrom, disk, floppy, a和其它设备名. 你应当看到 "camera". 这是目录, 和它们的mount points载入点 . * symbol符号"bash $" 表示command line prompt指令提示. 在你输入指令前 不要输入其它字符. command line prompt指令提示後面可用於用户对机器 下达指令. 4. 预备的设定 在这里你要做出一些如为mount point载入点建立目录并且给它命名,我的camera 是从 /mnt 载入的 目录的名字是任意的(我用camera).你可以通过如下指令设定 一个: ______________________________________________________________ [bash]$ mkdir -m 777 /mnt/camera ______________________________________________________________ 我喜欢让我所有的pictures 都放在按主题分类的子目录里. 所以我在自己 的/home设定了一个名为 picture目录, 你可以通过如下指令设定一个: ______________________________________________________________ bash]$ mkdir -m 777 ~/picture ______________________________________________________________ 这是个重要的决定, 你准备用root/user权限来做这些吗? 5. The Script Files 下面这个script file是读了几个 Linux newsgroups 和很多 HOWTOs 与 manuals 之後写出来的.它们都是间接或直接从别人那里学习来的经验. 我非常 感谢 newsgroups 里回答我问题的人和在网路上po(张贴)这些资讯的人. 如果想要开始设定, 请使用你喜欢的 text editor 将下面的 script 设定一个 名称并且保存起来. 5.1 如果你使用user登入 ______________________________________________________________ echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures." read DIRPATH mkdir ~/picture/$DIRPATH su -c "/sbin/modprobe usb-storage; mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera; /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start; mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg ~/picture/$DIRPATH; umount /mnt/camera; chown -R your_login_name ~/picture/$DIRPATH" ______________________________________________________________ 5.2 如果你使用root登入 ______________________________________________________________ echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures." read DIRPATH mkdir picture/$DIRPATH /sbin/modprobe usb-storage mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH; umount /mnt/camera chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH ______________________________________________________________ 5.3 Make it Executable(让它可以执行) 当你用user登入时: ______________________________________________________________ bash $dollar su -c "chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name" ______________________________________________________________ 当你用root登入时: ______________________________________________________________ bash# chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name ______________________________________________________________ 5.4 script运行时都做哪些事 当你运行它时, 将以DIRPATH里的值来设定目录. 如果你的script_file_name = getcamJ,(J for getting the pictures with .jpg extensions) 指令的顺序看 起来就像这样: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ getcamJ Please enter a directory name for the pictures. bash $ something Password: bash $ your root password ______________________________________________________________ 你必需以root权限来运行它. 所以 'su' 指令加上 -c 标致可以让你暂时拥有另 外的权限执行指令然後又回到原来的状态. ""能使你执行多个指令, ;分号可以 让一个指令执行後继续下一个指令. /sbin/modprobe usb-storage: modprobe 将USB mass storage 模组和其它设备 的模组挂进来. 主要是 SCSI driver. 确定在 /dev 有这些: sda0, sda1, sda2, sda3, sda4, sdb0, sdb1, sdb2, sdb3, sdb4. 如果你有其它 SCSI devices,请将sda1 进行正确的设定,可能是 sdb1. 将SCSI driver 载入: mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera 运行 USB 程式: /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start 将你的pictures 从 camera 移至你的硬碟机. mv 同时将camera上的pictures移 除: mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH; 卸下你的 SCSI driver: umount /mnt/camera 指令: chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH 完成的时候, pictures的 所有者是root/superuser, 因为你是以 root/superuser指行上述指令的(script 当中使用了su指令). 当你以user权限访问它们的时候会有permission denied error的警告. 解决这个问题的办法是参考有关权限设定的manual. 在我的机器里, USB 或 SCSI 驱动程式是以模组的形式编译的. 所以 script file 也是假定你的系统和我的一样. 如果不是, 你将要做一些修改,请阅读有关 的e manuals 和 HOWTOs. 或 向 Linux newsgroups 请教. 6. 设定成最佳状态 好了,你应该探究一下. 拿camera摄制一些测试用的pictures并存储成不同的格 式. 我的camera可以有4种formats: TIFF, GIF, JPEG, 和 MPEG, 当然它们也可 以不同大小. 在我的Sony P-50 这些被分别存储在记忆体的4个子文档目录中: 100msdcf, imcif100, thm, 和 moml0001. 这些都在dcim, 和 mssony 文档目录 中. 你要找到自己camera的存储区域.可以这样: * 将上述script存成执行档. * 用vi或其它的文档编辑器更改这一行: mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH to mv /mnt/camera/* picture/$DIRPATH * 像这样执行文档: ______________________________________________________________ bash$ ./your_script_file_name ______________________________________________________________ 注意 bash$ 後面的 ./ 7. 不要苦恼 更改SCRIPT FILE 可能会使你执行出错,现在不理它们. 在你苦恼并抱怨它们没 有效果之前,看一下你的camera有没有pictures. 如果你看过了, 请将 directory path names (路径名称)写下来. 回到文档编辑器中,将 dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg 替换之. 你可能需要用几个不同的 script files 来处理 不同的 picture 格式. 现在你的硬碟机的文档目录和 Section A.2 相似.执行并确认它的正确性: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ dir -R name-of-your-picture-directory ______________________________________________________________ 希望这个文档的资讯(有提到的manuals and HOWTOs)对你有用. 祝您好运. Dave (HOWTO的作者) 8. Troubleshooting or PANIC! 如果没有什麽效果, 让我们来分析并解决它们, 看一下是否还有 pictures在 camera 里. 如果有, 请跳过这一段. 如果没有,好吧,它们一定在什麽地方呆著 呢.找一下. 还是没有的话, 请将camera关掉, 重新启动机器和camera. 确信/mnt/camera 还在你的硬碟机里, 如果没有,请重新设定一个. 我注意到有 时候SCSI device in /dev (sda1)自己被移除.Check that also and replace if needed. 移除script产生出来的子文档目录.如果你使用user登入,那麽就要用到su,记得 在完成恢复原状. 参照 [7]Appendix C 输入: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ dmesg ______________________________________________________________ 你会看到这些: ______________________________________________________________ hub.c: USB new device connect on bus1/1, assigned device number 2 usb.c: USB device 2 (vend/prod 0x54c/0x10) is not claimed by any active driver. (The 0x54c/0x10 will be different for different vendors.) ______________________________________________________________ 如果你看到这些, 那麽你的USB mass storage device 被正确识别. 现在启动你的camera,然後执行script file (the modified one) 当你重新执 行dmesg,你会看到这些: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ dmesg SCSI subsystem driver Revision: 1.00 Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... usb.c: registered new driver usb-storage scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices Vendor: Sony Model: Sony DSC Rev: 3.22 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 WARNING: USB Mass Storage data integrity not assured USB Mass Storage device found at 2 USB Mass Storage support registered. Attached scsi removable disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0 SCSI device sda: 126848 512-byte hdwr sectors (65 MB) sda: Write Protect is off /dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1 usb-uhci.c: interrupt, status 3, frame# 1628 ______________________________________________________________ 现在执行lsmod并阅读 [8]Appendix B . 如果lsmod和Appendix B 相似,dmesg和上面的也相似, 但就是没有picture在你 的硬碟机里,那麽抱歉,我也不知道是哪里出问题了. 不幸的是,我目前所知的方 法是仔细地再来一遍. 将输出的结果用re-direction option >filename 捕捉至 文档中,然後, 将它po到以下两个newsgroups: * alt.OS.Linux.mandrake * comp.OS.Linux.hardware 告诉他们你做了什麽,并且寻求帮助.在你能想到的一切办法之後,最好给我 来e-mail: [9]daveekelly@earthlink.net. 9. 最後 在所有的结果都如你所愿之後, 如果你想的话,但不是必需的, 将执行档安装至 /usr/sbin(我的建议) : ______________________________________________________________ bash $ install file_name /usr/sbin ______________________________________________________________ 10. Appendix A 10.1 第一部份 这是我设定的文档目录,主目录为 picture 和 子目录 smkbot: ______________________________________________________________ picture/smkbot: dsc00117.jpg dsc00120.jpg dsc00123.jpg dsc00126.jpg dsc00129.jpg dsc00118.jpg dsc00121.jpg dsc00124.jpg dsc00127.jpg dsc00130.jpg dsc00119.jpg dsc00122.jpg dsc00125.jpg dsc00128.jpg dsc00131.jpg ______________________________________________________________ 10.2 第二部份 这是我以不同picture格式设定的文档目录结构: ______________________________________________________________ picture/trash: camera picture/trash/camera: dcim mssony picture/trash/camera/dcim: 100msdcf picture/trash/camera/dcim/100msdcf: dsc00357.jpg dsc00360.jpg dsc00363.jpg txt00365.gif dsc00358.jpg dsc00361.jpg dsc00364.jpg txt00365.thm dsc00359.jpg dsc00362.jpg dsc00366.jpg picture/trash/camera/mssony: imcif100 picture/trash/camera/mssony/imcif100: dsc00364.jpg dsc00366.tif ______________________________________________________________ 11. Appendix B 11.1 这些都是我系统中所有的模组 What we want to see here is the word usb-storage under the Used by column: ______________________________________________________________ Module Size Used by nls_iso8859-12880 0 (autoclean) nls_cp437 4400 0 (autoclean) sd_mod11792 0 (autoclean) vfat 9968 0 (autoclean) fat 32192 0 (autoclean) [vfat] usb-storage 52528 0 scsi_mod 91072 2 [sd_mod usb-storage] ppp_deflate 42208 0 (autoclean) bsd_comp 4576 0 (autoclean) ppp_async 6672 0 (autoclean) ppp_generic 19616 0 (autoclean) [ppp_deflate bsd_comp ppp_async] slhc 5136 0 (autoclean) [ppp_generic] parport_pc 20240 1 (autoclean) lp 5808 0 (autoclean) parport 24768 1 (autoclean) [parport_pc lp] es1371 26768 1 soundcore 4208 4 [es1371] ac97_codec 9312 0 [es1371] gameport 1856 0 [es1371] af_packet 12560 0 (autoclean) ip_vs 62000 0 (autoclean) usb-uhci 21232 0 (unused) usbcore 50752 1 [usb-storage usb-uhci] rtc 5600 0 (autoclean) ______________________________________________________________ 12. Appendix C 12.1 当你完成了所有的测试,使用下面的命令恢复原状.要非常小心! BUT BE VERY VERY CAREFUL: ______________________________________________________________ bash $ rm -Rf picture/test_directory ______________________________________________________________ You could lose more than you bargin for, test_directory should be what you entered for $DIRPATH in the scripts above. (It never hurts for first time user to slip over somewhere else and create a directory tree, copy file to it, and test this command line before using it on something irreplacable.) Again read the manual. 13. Appendix D. Gnu Free Documentation License 13.1 PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 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References 1. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.22121/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix D 2. http://www.gphoto.org/ 3. http://jphoto.sourceforge.net/ 4. http://www.tldp.org/ 5. http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/ 6. http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html 7. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.22121/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix C 8. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.22121/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix B 9. mailto:daveekelly@earthlink.net 10. http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/